Atrial Fibrillation: Symptoms and Conditions
What Is Atrial Fibrillation?
Atrial fibrillation (AF or AFib) is the most common type of heart rhythm disorder, or arrhythmia. It occurs when the upper chambers of the heart (the atria) beat irregularly and out of sync with the lower chambers (the ventricles). Instead of a steady, coordinated rhythm, the heartbeat becomes rapid and chaotic, which can affect the heart’s ability to pump blood efficiently.
While not always life-threatening, untreated AF can increase the risk of stroke, heart failure, and other heart-related complications.
Symptoms of Atrial Fibrillation
AF can present with a wide range of symptoms, or, in some cases, none at all. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Palpitations: A noticeable irregular or rapid heartbeat, often described as a fluttering or pounding in the chest.
- Fatigue or weakness: Reduced heart efficiency may lead to tiredness, especially during physical activity.
- Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing, even with light exertion or while lying flat.
- Dizziness or lightheadedness: Caused by reduced blood flow to the brain.
- Chest discomfort: Mild chest pain or pressure may occur, particularly during episodes of AF.
- Reduced exercise capacity: Feeling easily winded or unable to tolerate usual levels of physical activity.
It’s important to seek medical advice if you notice any of these symptoms, especially if they are sudden or severe.
Types of Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation is classified based on the duration and frequency of episodes:
- Paroxysmal AF: Episodes come and go, usually resolving within 24 hours to a few days.
- Persistent AF: Lasts more than seven days and may require treatment to restore normal rhythm.
- Long-standing persistent AF: Continuous AF lasting longer than 12 months.
- Permanent AF: Rhythm control is no longer pursued, and the focus shifts to managing rate and reducing risk of complications.
Causes and Risk Factors
Atrial fibrillation may develop due to a variety of factors. Common causes include:
- High blood pressure
- Coronary artery disease
- Heart valve disorders
- Heart failure
- Previous heart surgery
- Congenital heart conditions
- Lung disease
- Thyroid disorders
- Excessive alcohol or stimulant use
- Sleep apnoea
In some cases, AF can occur without any identifiable cause, this is known as lone atrial fibrillation.
Why Early Diagnosis Matters
If left untreated, atrial fibrillation can lead to serious complications, including:
- Stroke: AF increases the risk of blood clots forming in the heart, which can travel to the brain.
- Heart failure: The heart may weaken over time due to inefficient pumping.
- Cognitive decline: Ongoing irregular blood flow can affect brain health over time.
Early diagnosis allows for appropriate treatment strategies that can help restore rhythm, prevent complications, and improve quality of life.
Surgical Management of Atrial Fibrillation
While many cases of AF can be managed with medication and lifestyle changes, some patients may benefit from surgical treatment, especially if AF is persistent or causing significant symptoms despite other therapies.
As a specialist in both cardiac and thoracic surgery, Mr Adrian Pick offers advanced surgical options, including:
- Maze procedures: A surgical technique that creates controlled scar patterns in the heart to redirect electrical signals and restore normal rhythm.
- Convergent procedures: A hybrid approach combining catheter-based ablation with minimally invasive surgery.
- Concomitant AF surgery: AF correction performed during other heart surgeries, such as valve repair or coronary artery bypass.
Expert Care in Melbourne
With specialist expertise in cardiac and thoracic surgery, Mr Adrian Pick provides personalised care to patients living with atrial fibrillation. Whether you are newly diagnosed or seeking surgical options after medical therapy, Mr Pick offers comprehensive assessment and evidence-based treatment to help you achieve the best possible outcome.
Book a Consultation
To learn more about your options or to arrange a consultation with Mr Adrian Pick in Melbourne, please contact us or speak with your GP about a referral. Early intervention can significantly reduce the risks associated with atrial fibrillation and improve your long-term heart health.